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FOR PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS

Cortisol and Sleep Training: An Evidence-Based Look at Gentle Sleep Interventions

What is known about cortisol and sleep training, and how gentler, data-informed approaches are studied.

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Understanding Stress and Sleep

Sleep training methods often bring up questions regarding infant stress. Cortisol is a hormone that the body naturally releases in response to varied situations, including changes in routine.

Approaches to Rest

There are many different approaches to helping infants settle, and families often choose what aligns with their unique needs.

  1. Some methods involve gradual changes to sleep routines.
  2. Responsive caregiving may support an infant in adapting to new sleep environments.
  3. While some temporary frustration is common, evidence suggests that structured sleep routines can be associated with improved rest for the family over time.

The evidence base for this topic

6 peer-reviewed sources, each verified against its PubMed record and labelled by study type. These are the literature this topic rests on rather than a citation for every individual sentence — see how we source.

  1. Diversity in pediatric behavioral sleep intervention studies

    Sleep medicine reviews · 2019 · Systematic Review · PMID 31450118

  2. Bridging the gap: leveraging implementation science to advance pediatric behavioral sleep interventions

    Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023 · Review · PMID 36722616

  3. Sleep Well! An adapted behavioral sleep intervention implemented in urban primary care

    Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022 · Randomized trial · PMID 34910624

  4. Sleep Training

    Pediatric annals · 2020 · Review · PMID 32155274

  5. Behavioral Interventions for Infant Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial

    Pediatrics · 2016 · Randomized trial · PMID 27221288

  6. Infant diurnal cortisol predicts sleep

    Journal of sleep research · 2021 · Research article · PMID 33870573